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A History of Green's Point
August 18, 1997

The History of Green’s Point Light
By
Darrell Welles

Please understand that the following history is a work in progress.It is almost certain that some names have been misspelled, some information may not be entirely correct, and some dates may be off. If you notice any of these mistakes or any glaring omissions please either come to the lighthouse to discuss the error or write down the information and mail or deliver it to the Green’s Point Light Association.

This work would not have been possible if not for the recollections (and patience) of the many individuals that were interviewed (and somewhat harassed) over the past six weeks. I would especially like to thank Lloyd Leavitt, Merril Dines, Velda Randall, Allen Holmes, and Charles and Maxine Gilespie for sharing their time and these pieces of their lives.

In 1867 a storm the likes of which had never been seen in these parts blew through southern New Brunswick. The Saxby Gale, as it came to be known, did a great deal of damage along New Brunswick’s southern coast. This destruction included the wholesale removal of a natural causeway connecting a small point of land jutting out into L’Etete passage from the mainland. It was at this point in history when the sea decided that Green’s Point should be an island. No longer would it be possible to reach Green’s Point (island) without the aid of a boat except at the low of the tide. Luckily the island was uninhabited at the time so no one was terribly inconvenienced by the event.

All that quickly changed however ten years later when the Department of Transport decided that the island would make an ideal site for a foghorn. After all, foghorns were becoming quite necessary due to the amount of ship traffic in the area. [This was] An area known for its abundance of rocky ledges, strong currents and extremely thick fog.

By 1879 a large two-story, cedar-shingled house had been erected on the island’s highest ground (where the present keeper’s house now stands), and a steam powered foghorn was constructed below the house on the western tip of the island (near where the helipad now sits). As was common in those days the foghorn was tended by a retired sea captain. Captain (George) Helms first began tending the horn in 1880. Having sailed these waters and those further south for many years there could be no better choice to mind the horn and oversee the safety of the ships frequenting the passage. For this same reason Captain Helms was well acquainted with many sailors of the North Atlantic. One sailor in particular would play a big part in the captain’s career as a foghorn keeper, his name was Charles Dines.

Charles Dines was a sailor from Mississippi. Being a young sailor, and having to spend long periods of time at sea, it presented him with an enormous problem when his wife died shortly after giving birth to their son Sidney in the early 1880’s. The solution that he set upon was to give his son to his old buddy George Helms who was now nicely settled down as a foghorn keeper. By 1882 Sidney had become a permanent resident of Greens Point (island). Even though he was still an infant Captain Helms made him the first assistant keeper at Green’s Point (island). It is unclear however, whether this was an act of affection for the young fellow or an attempt by the good captain to make sure that he earned his keep. Charles himself eventually became a captain in his own right and later settled down in Eastport.

We have no record of what became of Captain Helms, whether he died at the point or just retired, but by 1897 Sidney had taken over his job as the keeper (at the age of 16). Many things were happening in the life of young Sidney at this time. He had only recently been married to his new bride Mary and by 1898 she had given birth to their son Prescott. Sidney, Mary and Prescott witnessed many changes to the island over the following 20 years.

The biggest change came in 1903 when Green’s Point (island) became a light station. The lighthouse itself was constructed in St. Andrews by the contractor C.L. McKeen and was barged down in pieces from St. Andrews. It was reassembled on the spot where it stands today. The station already consumed about 70 tons of coal each year to keep the steam engines for the fog horn running, and now a large volume of kerosene would be required to maintain the light. Department of Transport vessels routinely delivered these fuels to meet this demand. This unenviable task was accomplished by loading the coal and oil drums into row boats and rowing them to shore on the North side of the island, they were then carried by hand to the old whistle building. In the meantime the rowboat was rowed around to the south side of the island where the empty oil drums were discarded.

The next great change took place in 1907 when a wooden causeway was constructed between Green’s Point and the mainland. The Point’s 42 year career as an island had ended, making life much easier for Sidney’s family.

Between 1918 and 1919 a new fog alarm building was constructed nearly on top of where the old fog alarm building had been. At that time the road around the point took a wider circuit and allowed room for a small pond beside the whistle house. Besides being a lovely little pond to sit beside and feed ducks it was primarily used as a source of water for the steam engines.

Both the steam engines and the pond eventually met their demise when the engines were buried in the pond some years later (1970’s). By 1919 the new kerosene and diesel-powered, compressed air foghorn was fully operational (much to the relief of the men who used to have to deliver the coal). Sidney however, held no great love for the new engines. Another important event of 1919 was their adoption of Lloyd Leavitt, Prescott’s nephew. His mother (Prescott’s sister) had passed away. Four years later they had a child of their own: Merril Dines.

In 1920 a Passamaquoddy Indian named Wallace Nicholas from Pleasant Point came to Green’s Point and the surrounding area for the first time. On this first occasion and on a couple thereafter he was accompanied by his brother Horace. Wallace proved to be a superb hunter of porpoise. He became a local fixture during the summers for many years and could often be seen camping by the shore or paddling about hunting porpoise in a canoe with a shotgun. He was also known to make many crafts that he gave as gifts to local children.

By 1935 Sidney Dines had retired, and for his 54 years of service was awarded a medal by the Queen. For about a year a local man named Russell Matthews and his assistant took over tending the lighthouse. In 1936 however Prescott Dines and his wife (Lillian Hooper) had replaced him in the light keeper’s house and Lloyd became the assistant keeper.

Things remained much the same for several years. Green’s Point was without a well and electricity had not yet reached the point (although it had long been available on the mainland). The fish were plentiful however, and the Dines clan got along quite well tending the lighthouse, fishing, tending a few lobster traps and running a pretty successful little blacksmith shop. The blacksmith shop was located just below the keeper's house and was kept fairly busy due to Sidney’s reputation for strong welds. He was helped by Prescott and by young Merril who worked the bellows. One unhappy event did occur during this time, however. Wallace Nicholas passed away in Blacks Harbour after a lengthy stay in L’Etete under the care of the McNichol family. He was sorely missed.

When World War II rolled around both Lloyd and Merril left Green’s Point and joined the air force. Luckily neither were lost to the war and both eventually returned to the point. In 1946 Lloyd was back as assistant keeper. While he was gone the position had been filled by Joseph Lesley, Lester Spires, and Clayton Dick. In 1951 However Lloyd left a second time to return to the air force and was replaced by Lester Murray. One wonders if he would have left had he known that only a year later a well would be dug and electricity finally provided to Green’s Point (even though the rest of L’Etete had electricity since 1937). With electricity came yet another fog alarm, this one of course was powered by an electric motor. It was not long until the old kerosene light was replaced with a new electric one either.

In 1954 Merril Dines became the assistant keeper and remained until 1959. Willard Holmes then took over as the assistant keeper and moved to Green’s Point along with his family. The Holmes family was decidedly pleased with the location and began to settle in. The kids discovered the wonders of the Fundy coast and often picked dulse. This actually served as a source of much amusement when their son Allen occasionally had to explain to tourists that the dulse (which had been spread out to dry) did not actually grow that way (and would they please leave his dulse alone and stop picking his).

By this point in time an era in lighthouse keeping had passed. It was becoming less and less likely that the son would replace the father at the lighthouse, technology was changing the way the station was run. In some cases not necessarily for the better, as with the new foghorn which people still complain about as lacking the same character as the old horn. Before this point it had been the light keeper’s responsibility to hire and pay the assistant keeper, but more and more the Department of Transport was deciding who would work and where.

Willard’s son Allen proved to be the last holdout of the old tradition by working as the assistant keeper during the summer during his high school years (1963-64.) Before this the lighthouse keeper’s job included maintenance and the operation of some very stubborn kerosene/diesel engines to run the fog horn, and manually lighting the kerosene lamp as well as the daily and nightly vigils. Actually it may well have been a stroke of luck that the kerosene/diesel engines were replaced seeing how Prescott was the only magician around capable of keeping the contrary devices running for any length of time. With electricity however, the job was simplified to the constant vigil and maintenance (especially painting and polishing). After all, just because the old equipment was not being used did not mean that they did not have to look good for the tourists! With the new equipment, if the fog came in and the man on duty could no longer see White Head, White Horse, and Adam Island he no longer had to go and start up an engine et cetera, he only had to hit the on off switch.

The next era had problems entirely its own to deal with. For more information on the life and times of Prescott Dines please see appendix AMan Spent Life Tending Green’s Point Light by Dick Wilbur.

In 1963 Prescott Dines retired and was replaced by a man named Kitchener Randall. Kitchener, his wife Velda and the rest of their family moved to Green’s Point from St. Martins where Kitchener was the lighthouse keeper at Quaquo light. It was no secret that the Randall family was unhappy in St. Martins and had made every effort to be relocated. By this time a circulation program was in effect whereby the Canadian Coast Guard (who had taken over the responsibility from the Department of Transport) moved lighthouse keepers around to provide a little variety to those unfortunate enough to be stationed on otherwise deserted islands. As such, when the Randalls moved to Green’s Point all were very happy with the arrangement. In fact, it was described as heaven-like in comparison to Quaquo by Velda, and an ideal place to raise a family. It was a good thing too because Velda was pregnant at the time with their daughter Mary to whom she gave birth only five days after having moved.

In the first year of their stay they saw the demolition of the old cedar shingled house. This was seen as a great loss by many since it held fond memories of days past and also because the house was still structurally sound. The new keeper’s residence was then constructed on the same spot as the old one and a new assistant keeper’s residence had been completed by the following year on the eastern part of the point (where the parking lot is today). Willard Holmes remained on as the assistant keeper until 1964 and his son Allen filled in for him during the summers until 1965. By this time and for some time after Stewart Matthews was filling in as the assistant keeper a lot of the time.

In (1965-1971) the lighthouse got its first taste of automation. The electric light shone 24 hours a day and a new automatic fog horn device had been installed. In 1972 Charles (Charlie) Gilespie became the assistant keeper. He and his wife Maxine took up residence in the lower house. With the automation of the lighthouse one would think that the work load around the station would have diminished. The lighthouse was still a tourist attraction however, so cleaning and maintenance were still a problem, records still had to be kept and a vigil of the waters still had to be maintained. One other problem was that the automation of the lighthouse did not go entirely smoothly. Many different devices were tried and junked before automation was successful. In one particular instance for example, the newest whistle house had to be completely rewired three times before the automatic foghorn would work properly. The Gilespie’s children were already grown and out of home when they moved to Green’s Point and sadly instead of their family expanding during their stay here, it diminished somewhat. Their son David and James Calvin died in a boating accident while the two were trying out a new aluminum boat that David had recently purchased. This event on February 3rd, 1974 serves as a grim reminder of how cruel the sea can be and also that the story of this lighthouse is not entirely a happy one.

Things went relatively smoothly for the next couple of years, Kitchener and Charlie kept the place in order and a couple of extras were hired during the summers. Stewart Matthews returned Periodically and Harry Bryan stood in for a while from 1974 to 1975.

One hundred and nine years had passed since the last truly fierce gale had blown through and we were well overdue for a good storm. We were not disappointed. In 1976 the Groundhog Day Gale blew through and again the point was made an island as the wooden causeway (which had even been paved by this time) blew out. The storm was such that one was unable to see the lighthouse from the keeper’s house. The front windows were blown out and the front rooms and basement were flooded with salt water. By the time the gale had passed, all of the vegetation from the North side of the Island had been deposited on the South. Velda and Maxine were acutely aware of this when they had to try to cross over the rocky remnants of the causeway later that evening. The job of replacing the causeway was contracted out very soon after the storm. The contract called for the construction to be comprised of nothing smaller than 500lb rocks. This was promptly accomplished, and just as promptly blown out again in the very next storm. The huge stones that now make up the causeway were then brought in. (And will presumably last much longer.)

In 1978 Charlie quit as assistant lighthouse keeper. He was thoroughly fed up with the employment policies of the Canadian Coast Guard. Charlie had been hired as a term employee and was not given the same benefits as regular employees even though he paid all the same dues and followed the same rules as the regulars. Another bad turn which Charlie still seems to be disgruntled about today is that his union dues were never returned to him even though he was apparently unable to be a member of the union. In 1979 the lower (assistant’s) house was sold for a token sum and moved to Back Bay.

In the early 80’s, the Randalls started to think about retirement. By 1982 they had done just that, but not before Velda served as the Point’s only female lighthouse keeper. (She filled in for her husband for 6 months in 1981.) The next keeper to fill the position was Richard Mullen. He and his family moved to Green’s Point after a short period at Pea Point in Blacks Harbour. Like the Randalls, they too were glad to be leaving their previous location. Richard, his wife Donna, and their two children Anita and James (Jimmy) were all in agreement that Green’s Point was indeed a fine place to live.

The change in keepers was not the only change that took place at the station in 1982. The garage that is still on the premises now was moved there from Beaver Harbour Light, and the computer building and stairs were also constructed. Then in 1983 the radio tower was built. A computer was then moved into the computer building.

For the first two years the Mullens were without the aid of an assistant keeper but this was about to change in a very big way. First, in 1984, Ernest Matheson was hired as the assistant keeper. In 1986 however, Richard was forced to retire due to illness. He and his family then moved back to Grand Manan. Replacing him was Ralph Eldridge. Shortly after Ralph was hired the computer system changed and Green’s Point became a central monitoring station for 12 other lighthouses. This was all part of the budget cuts that were affecting the coast guard at this time. This new function required more man-power at this particular station (ironic since it meant destaffing the other stations) and two more assistants were brought in. One was Graham Brooksbank who started in 1987, another was Darrell Hussey who started at about the same time. Over the next couple of years two more joined the team (although there were never more than four at any one time). These two were Gordon Clark and Wilfred McAdam.

It was during this period that Green’s Point gained its most famous (and popular) residents: the bunnies. Ralph was responsible for releasing them but it was the ample vegetation and handouts of scores of bunny lovers that caused their numbers to soar.

By the early 90’s, Green’s Point had become the central monitoring station for 24 unmanned light stations. It employed 4 people full time, was a popular tourist spot, an excellent place to watch bald eagles (thanks to Ralph’s work feeding them), and was a lovely spot for locals to go to feed the bunnies. In 1996 however, all of that changed and Green’s Point finally succumbed to full automation.

It was on September of 1995 that a few local citizens had recognized the possibility that they may lose their lighthouse, and one of them contacted the Canadian Coast Guard. By October of 1996, three of these people formed the Green’s Point Light Association Inc. The purpose of the non-profit group was to maintain the Green’s Point Light as an educational facility, including structures and land access, for use by the community and general public. This is meant to take the form of a multidisciplinary resource center for information on the local coastal and marine environment, its ecology, biology, environmental issues, local history and archeology. On the tenth of November of 1996, an information meeting was held in the light keeper’s house, and the membership grew. Wilfred Tucker of the Canadian Coast Guard facilitated the negotiations for the the agreement with The Green’s Point Light Association. The agreement was later signed with Larry Wilson of the CCG on December 4 of 1996. Thanks to the donations of private individuals, the provincial government and private organizations, The Marine and Coastal Interpretive Center was open for tours July 1, 1997. The bunnies however did not survive this transition, sorry.


Appendix A

Man Spent Life Tending Green’s Point Light
by Dick Wilbur

Greens Point Light overlooks the swirling tides of L’Etete Passage, one of the trickiest bits of water on the entire Atlantic coast. For more details, talk to Prescott Dines.

He was born at the lighthouse 88 years ago (at time of interview-1898), and from 1936 until he retired in 1963, he kept that light - before it succumbed to peopleless, automatic technology. Ask him about the winds around there - so fierce that during one winter gale, they blew Mr. Dines mother right out of the family pung - a one horse sleigh. She landed on the rocks six feet below - completely unharmed thanks to the big buffalo robe she had wrapped around her.

Another time, the outdoor privy blew over, just five minutes after a visiting relative from Boston had left it. And the last year before his retirement the winds picked up Mr. Dines (he still weighs only about 130lbs.) and deposited him in a ditch.

Mr. Dines and his seven brothers and sisters were all born at the lighthouse, which his father tended before him. In fact Sydney - Mr. Dines senior, was also born there and was raised by the first keeper, a Captain Helms, who began tending in 1880.


First Question


Almost the first question anyone asks a lighthouse keeper is: How many wrecks did you see? Remarkably few Mr. Dines will tell you, which suggests the superb seamanship of old Charlotte County fishermen. But he can remember two.

"It must have been when I was about eight," Mr. Dines recalls with a gleam in his bright eyes. "This vessel- a three master - with her sails all set was coming in from White Horse Island, I can still remember that crack - just like thunder. She hit a dry ledge. That was about four in the afternoon. By nightfall, only her bowsprit was showing and the next morning there was nothing left of her. Fortunately her three man crew escaped."

Mr. Dines has a tangible reminder of that wreck. His father approached the schooner captain and offered to buy his telescope. "You might as well take it!" he replied, "I won’t need one anymore." Mr. Dines still has it up at his cottage.

"What about the time you heard that fellow hollering?" asked Mr. Dines friend and neighbor, Ernest Wentworth, a retired weir fisherman.

"Yes that was one December...", said Mr. Dines.

Saw Flare


"I had just lit the light when I saw this flare over on Mac’s Island, a scallop dragger was just returning to L’Etete wharf and we went over to investigate. This boat was aground - her stem was under and on top of her cabin was my son Merril." He told his father later that he had taken his shirt, poured gasoline on it and used it as a flare. "Otherwise I wouldn’t have known they were there," said Mr. Dines. "They would never have survived because that ledge is completely covered at high tide."

For years Green’s Point Light was a vapor lamp lit by kerosene. "We didn’t get electricity over there until 1952," Mr. Dines remembers. "We should have had it in 1930 but a neighbor wanted to charge the power company $10 per pole to cross his land and they refused."

A visit by the deputy minister of Transport in 1952 resulted in a well being dug on the tiny spit of land around the lighthouse. He asked for a drink of water and was shocked to discover all water had to be brought in. He authorized the expenditure and they got good water 35 feet down from high tide.

Like his father before him Mr. Dines worked six hours on and six hours off, alternating with a helper. His dad earned $50 - $55 a month plus the furnished house. "I got $80 a month, and they threw in an extra $10 to cover the cost of fuel. When I retired in 1963 I was making $300."

Roaring Bull

In 1919 when Mr. Dines was his father’s assistant, someone reported the Roaring Bull Buoy was out of position from her usual spot on the Letang chops.

"They called it Roaring Bull" explains Mr. Dines, "because of the sound she made. She was built so that the motion of the sea caused air to blow through this mechanism that set off this whooshing sound. When you heard it at night, it gave you a start."

No one could figure how a buoy securely anchored by one-and-a-quarter inch chain to a huge weight on the ocean floor could be moved. So Mr. Dines got aboard the buoy tender that went to investigate.

They discovered a whale, with the big chain wrapped tightly around his massive jaw. Somehow it had got entangled and in trying to free itself had dragged the buoy and its heavy mooring two miles or more. Unable to breath it had drowned.

When the captain of the buoy tender lowered the winch to haul the dead whale toward shore, the boat listed so sharply he had to quit. "And that winch was able to lift 25 tons," adds Mr. Dines.

Whales Head

"All we got to the surface was the whales head. We managed to remove the chain and buoy but we had to leave the whale. We sold it to Pat Connors (one of the two brothers who founded Connors Bros. Ltd.) who thought he could make some money from it."

For the past 24 years, Mr. Dines has lived in the St. Andrews house he built when he retired. He spends his winters in Florida, and returns home each spring and enters his driveway, he is greeted with a reminder of the old days. It’s a three foot replica of the Green’s Point Light.


Appendix B
Local History as Related by Prescott Dines

During the first part of the century, the Steamship HESTIA loaded with a general cargo from the British Isles and on its way to Saint John, New Brunswick, ran aground during a southerly gale and storm, on a ledge at the south part of Grand Manan Island. It was a total loss. Like flies around a carcass, the Grand Manan fishing boats salvaged everything that floated - valuable china, choice liqueurs and furniture. To this day, the odd piece of china or bric-brac is raised by a fisherman’s net.

The next disaster I recall vividly was a three masted schooner named the HORACE G. MORRIS. It occurred during a howling February storm when she mistook Bliss’s Point Light for Beaver Harbour. She went aground with all sails set. When she struck the masts all went over the side. Three of the five men aboard managed to reach the rocks and scramble to the keeper’s house (Captain James MacLeod) to tell their sorrowful story. The cargo had been a full one of laths. Fishermen in the vicinity had a bonanza, picking up enough laths to make a fence around New Brunswick with enough left over to supply the territory in lobster traps.

Another wreck took place in the days of prohibition, when several old vessels, similar to the bluenose, used to lay off shore outside the three mile limit of any land. One of these two-masted schooners, running for Bliss’s Harbour in an easterly gale and winter storm, under reduced sail, ran ashore on the bold water side of Whitehead, at the entrance of Bliss’s Harbour. She promptly sank with a good supply of liquor in the hold, which started more Passamaquoddy men fishing than any run of fish could. For a while, more Gin and Whiskey than cod came over the side.


Omitted is another account of the LMB- the schooner that ran aground on Dry Ledge

Many small boats used by sardine fishermen went aground in their day to day quest for fish, but happily, in most cases, floated again in the next tide. It follows, in boating, as in any other vocation, that anyone who never made a mistake, never made anything. I have always admired the many smart boatmen and captains of vessels in the Sardine Industry, that go their rounds day and night. In fog, rain, snow, and other many other adverse conditions. My admiration is especially for the men of Deer Island and Grand Manan who learned early to navigate the many channels and islands, knowing that in the darkness and constant fog, only minutes separated them from disaster. Their daily lives were a constant struggle to survive against the cold, darkness, water and the frustrations of the early gasoline engines that had their regular fits of stop and start.

Occasionally, these tireless men would indulge in what were called Fishermen Picnics. Either in small groups or large gatherings, they would sing and yarn endlessly. As the throats became better lubricated with spirits, the singing became the best you’d ever want to hear and of course the yarns took on a quality that claimed the attention of all who listened.

In the year 1910, the fishermen had one of their Grand Picnics at Back Bay. As a boy of twelve, I was mesmerized....bands playing, booths selling the most wonderful things, games, hot chowder, ball games and land and water races. Chowder was served in an old house near the ball field and I ate enjoyed the steaming meal in the serving room of the old house. Afterwards, my curiosity peaked by the doors leading to other rooms in the house, I decided to open one of these doors and I looked in. I couldn’t believe my eyes, which probably looked like they may pop out of my head anytime. There before me sat several women smoking, not cigarettes, but real old T.D. (clay) pipes. These pipes were made of white clay and after much smoking turned brown. When really old and ripe they became quite black.

Several rowing races took place that day...four oars, two oars and single rowing races. As I remember it, the Government Fishery Patrol Boat CURLEW was in port and of course none of the local fishermen liked to see that vessel anywhere near by. The CURLEW had their rowing boat all slicked up for the four-oar race. Soon a team of able bodied men from Back Bay challenged them, using an old Saint John salmon skiff as their entry. The crew from Back Bay included Zack McGee, Orbin Harris, Harlin Kinney and Wilfred Kinney and these men easily out-distanced the CURLEW crew. Then the Leavitt boys from Leavitt Head challenged these winners. John, Dave, Seymour and Ebin Leavitt effortlessly won the race in their 14’ Fisherman’s Lunenburg Dory. John and Seymour Leavitt went on to win the two-man rowing race in an eighteen foot pea prud built by Fred Frye of Back Bay. The prize for this race was donated by Dr. H.I. Taylor of St George. It was a pair of opera glasses, possibly valued at $25. My dad afterwards bought them from the men for $10, as the men said the money would do them much better than glasses. I have them today as a relic of much use at the lighthouse. The leather on the outside is now worn off exposing the brass casings.


Omitted is the account of Prescott’s first trip to Boston

By 1907 so much of the roadway and peninsula had been washed away by the storms and tides that the Government decided to build a breakwater at the fog alarm and lighthouse, which came under Marine and Fisheries Department and later the Department of Transport. Much of hewn lumber (12x12) and logs that had to be sided on the site were towed from St. Croix River to Green’s Point by the Fishing Patrol boat, CURLEW.

During the latter part of the 19th century the Maguadivic River and that part of the Bay was a thriving lumber area with vessels loading and awaiting loads. Gradually it became a lost trade. The last vessels out of the river from St. George were pulp carriers that would be towed by tug-boat out into the Bay of Fundy through L’Etete Passage.

Just prior to World War I, 1913, two large German ships came through the Passage as far as the mouth of the Maguadavic River to load pit props used extensively around the mines.

In the fall of 1918 and winter of 1919, the Department of Marine and Fisheries (later known as the Department of Transport) built a new fog alarm building and installed a new type of Diaphone (Compressed Air Horn) with a much higher pitch sound than the old steam horn. Many boatmen and fishermen, then and over the years, have said that the new type were never as efficient as the old ones. This new outfit consisted of two semi-diesel engines which would start on gasoline then switch to kerosene and keep going, sometimes.

My father, being brought up in the steam era, had little faith in the gas motors, and might well have given up as a keeper had I not agreed to do my best to keep them operating. My experience with steam was not as deep-rooted as my father and I managed to learn and understand the quirks of these putt-putts and succeeded with them until 1952 when Hydro rescued us and introduced the fine new electric motor.

We have had our share of cold winters in our part of the Bay of Fundy - some with an abundance of snow and ice - some with just icy winds. 1923 will always be remembered as one of the worst of this century. St. Andrews Bay was frozen solid - (men from Deer Island took a dory on sleds over the ice to St. Andrews) and lots of places had five feet of snow in the woods. There was not one harbour or wharf that the coastal freighter Connors Bros. could call at except L’Etete. Just to make matters worse that year, the spring and its welcoming thaw was delayed that year until May. This brought its own kind of horror....the freshet floods. All river banks spilled their swollen contents and washed out bridges and swept the outbuildings from the fields. The St Croix River flooded the lower floors of the Mill at Milltown and washed the looms out the north end of the brick building. At St. George, the Pulp Mill suffered the same kind of flooding - ending in the loss of several hundred cords of pulp wood and hundreds of logs. By boat, I personally helped pick up - (about eight cords) - drifting pulpwood, as well as enough pine logs to build several boats.

Appendix C
Local History, The Rememberings of Herbert Matthews

How Morgan’s Rock Got its Name

The rock off Green’s Point was called Morgan’s Rock by the old people. In those times (1840’s) Jack Jeddrers from Saint John would hire a boat to go to Eastport for goods to peddle. A man named Morgan hired a Mr. Hickey from Letang and Hickey said that the boom swung across, knocking Morgan overboard.

An indentured Irish girl working for Hickey heard he and his wife counting Morgan’s money, she told a friend living nearby, the friend told Hickey’s wife. The next morning the Irish girl was found hanging from an apple tree, but the chair she was supposed to have gotten up on was not sunk into the soft earth and she was a heavy girl.

Sometime later Morgan’s body was found on the rack off Greens Point and the dent in his skull perfectly matched the iron pump handle on Hickey’s boat. No charges were ever laid.

Some Sea Captains From the Mascarene and Caithness Area (1800-1900)

George Mackenzie	James McLeod		Samuel Dick
A. M. Leland		Hilton Gates		Will McVicar
Pete McDougall		Fred Bell		Alex Mahoney
James Sherrard		Wallace McLeod		George Barratt
Lewis Simpson		William Gates		Steve Young
Henry Hines (senior)	George Dick		Daniel Seelye